Eustat

Methodological note. IUS: License and patent revenues from abroad as % of GDP

Trade in technology comprises four main categories: Transfer of techniques (through patents and licenses, disclosure of know-how); Transfer (sale, licensing, franchising) of designs, trademarks and patterns; Services with a technical content, including technical and engineering studies, as well as techniqal assistance; and Industrial R&D. TBP receipts capture disembodied technology exports.

This is a highly skewed indicator and a square root transformation has been used when using it for the composite indicator to reduce the volatility and skewed distribution of this indicator.

The indicator is obtained as a quotient.

Numerator:

Export part of the international transactions in royalties and license fees.

Denominator:

Gross Domestic Product.

This is a highly skewed indicator and a square root transformation has been used when using it for the composite indicator to reduce the volatility and skewed distribution of this indicator.

Source: Eustat