Eustat

Methodological note. IUS: 2 Firm Activities

Firm activities capture the innovation efforts at the level of the firm and it differentiates between three innovation dimensions.

2.1 Firm investments

This dimension includes two indicators of both R&D and non-R&D investments that firms make in order to generate innovations:

2.1.1 Business R&D expenditures as % of GDP

2.1.2 Non R&D innovation expenditures as % of total turnover

2.2 Linkages & entrepreneurship

This dimension measures entrepreneurial efforts and collaboration efforts among innovating firms and also with the public sector and it includes three indicators:

2.2.1 SMEs innovating in-house as % of SMEs

2.2.2 Innovative SMEs collaborating with others as % of SMEs

2.2.3 Public-private co-publications per million population

2.3 Intellectual assets

This dimension captures different forms of Intellectual Property Rights generated as a throughput in the innovation process and includes four indicators:

2.3.1 PCT patent applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)

2.3.2 PCT patent applications in societal challenges per billion GDP (in PPP euros)

2.3.3 Community trademarks per billion GDP (in PPP euros)

2.3.4 Community designs per billion GDP (in PPP euros)